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常设指令

常设指令为你的智能体授予针对已定义程序的永久操作权限。你无需针对每项任务提示智能体,而是定义具有明确范围、触发条件和升级规则的程序,由智能体在这些边界内自主执行:“每周报告由你负责。每周五汇总并发送,仅在发现异常时升级处理。”

为什么使用常设指令

**没有常设指令时:**你需要针对每项任务提示智能体,例行工作容易被遗忘或延误,而你会成为瓶颈。

**使用常设指令后:**智能体会在定义的边界内自主执行,例行工作按计划完成,而你只需介入异常情况和审批事项。

工作原理

常设指令定义在你的 Agent 工作区文件中。推荐直接将其写入 AGENTS.md(每个会话都会自动注入),确保智能体始终能在上下文中获得这些指令。对于规模较大的配置,也可以将其放在 standing-orders.md 等专用文件中,并从 AGENTS.md 引用。

每个程序需指定:

  1. 范围——智能体获准执行哪些操作
  2. 触发条件——何时执行(计划、事件或条件)
  3. 审批关卡——哪些操作必须先获得人工批准
  4. 升级规则——何时停止并请求帮助

智能体会在每个会话中通过工作区引导文件加载这些指令(有关自动注入文件的完整列表,请参阅 Agent 工作区),并依照这些指令执行,同时结合 cron 作业强制落实基于时间的执行要求。

常设指令的结构

markdown
## Program: Weekly Status Report **Authority:** Compile data, generate report, deliver to stakeholders**Trigger:** Every Friday at 4 PM (enforced via cron job)**Approval gate:** None for standard reports. Flag anomalies for human review.**Escalation:** If data source is unavailable or metrics look unusual (>2σ from norm) ### Execution steps 1. Pull metrics from configured sources2. Compare to prior week and targets3. Generate report in Reports/weekly/YYYY-MM-DD.md4. Deliver summary via configured channel5. Log completion to Agent/Logs/ ### What NOT to do - Do not send reports to external parties- Do not modify source data- Do not skip delivery if metrics look bad - report accurately

常设指令与 cron 作业

常设指令定义智能体获准执行什么Cron 作业定义任务在何时发生。两者协同工作:

text
Standing Order: "You own the daily inbox triage"Cron Job (8 AM daily): "Execute inbox triage per standing orders"Agent: Reads standing orders → executes steps → reports results

cron 作业提示应引用常设指令,而不是重复其内容:

bash
openclaw cron add \  --name daily-inbox-triage \  --cron "0 8 * * 1-5" \  --tz America/New_York \  --timeout-seconds 300 \  --announce \  --channel imessage \  --to "+1XXXXXXXXXX" \  --message "Execute daily inbox triage per standing orders. Check mail for new alerts. Parse, categorize, and persist each item. Report summary to owner. Escalate unknowns."

示例

示例 1:内容与社交媒体(每周周期)

markdown
## Program: Content & Social Media **Authority:** Draft content, schedule posts, compile engagement reports**Approval gate:** All posts require owner review for first 30 days, then standing approval**Trigger:** Weekly cycle (Monday review → mid-week drafts → Friday brief) ### Weekly cycle - **Monday:** Review platform metrics and audience engagement- **Tuesday-Thursday:** Draft social posts, create blog content- **Friday:** Compile weekly marketing brief → deliver to owner ### Content rules - Voice must match the brand (see SOUL.md or brand voice guide)- Never identify as AI in public-facing content- Include metrics when available- Focus on value to audience, not self-promotion

示例 2:财务运营(事件触发)

markdown
## Program: Financial Processing **Authority:** Process transaction data, generate reports, send summaries**Approval gate:** None for analysis. Recommendations require owner approval.**Trigger:** New data file detected OR scheduled monthly cycle ### When new data arrives 1. Detect new file in designated input directory2. Parse and categorize all transactions3. Compare against budget targets4. Flag: unusual items, threshold breaches, new recurring charges5. Generate report in designated output directory6. Deliver summary to owner via configured channel ### Escalation rules - Single item > $500: immediate alert- Category > budget by 20%: flag in report- Unrecognizable transaction: ask owner for categorization- Failed processing after 2 retries: report failure, do not guess

示例 3:监控与警报(持续运行)

markdown
## Program: System Monitoring **Authority:** Check system health, restart services, send alerts**Approval gate:** Restart services automatically. Escalate if restart fails twice.**Trigger:** Every heartbeat cycle ### Checks - Service health endpoints responding- Disk space above threshold- Pending tasks not stale (>24 hours)- Delivery channels operational ### Response matrix | Condition        | Action                   | Escalate?                || ---------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------ || Service down     | Restart automatically    | Only if restart fails 2x || Disk space < 10% | Alert owner              | Yes                      || Stale task > 24h | Remind owner             | No                       || Channel offline  | Log and retry next cycle | If offline > 2 hours     |

执行—验证—报告模式

常设指令与严格的执行纪律结合使用时效果最佳。常设指令中的每项任务都应遵循以下循环:

  1. 执行——完成实际工作(不要只是确认收到指令)
  2. 验证——确认结果正确(文件存在、消息已送达、数据已解析)
  3. 报告——告知所有者完成了什么以及验证了什么
markdown
### Execution rules - Every task follows Execute-Verify-Report. No exceptions.- "I'll do that" is not execution. Do it, then report.- "Done" without verification is not acceptable. Prove it.- If execution fails: retry once with adjusted approach.- If still fails: report failure with diagnosis. Never silently fail.- Never retry indefinitely - 3 attempts max, then escalate.

此模式可防止智能体最常见的失败方式:确认收到任务,却没有完成任务。

多程序架构

对于需要管理多个事项的智能体,应将常设指令组织成边界清晰的独立程序:

markdown
## Program 1: [Domain A] (Weekly) ... ## Program 2: [Domain B] (Monthly + On-Demand) ... ## Program 3: [Domain C] (As-Needed) ... ## Escalation Rules (All Programs) - [Common escalation criteria]- [Approval gates that apply across programs]

每个程序都应具备:

  • 自己的触发频率(每周、每月、事件驱动或持续运行)
  • 自己的审批关卡(某些程序需要比其他程序更严格的监督)
  • 清晰的边界(智能体应知道一个程序在哪里结束,另一个程序从哪里开始)

最佳实践

建议

  • 从较窄的权限范围开始,并随着信任建立逐步扩大
  • 为高风险操作定义明确的审批关卡
  • 加入“禁止执行的操作”部分——边界与权限同样重要
  • 与 cron 作业结合,确保基于时间的任务可靠执行
  • 每周查看智能体日志,验证常设指令是否得到遵循
  • 随着需求变化更新常设指令——它们是持续演进的文档

避免

  • 第一天就授予宽泛权限(“执行你认为最合适的任何操作”)
  • 省略升级规则——每个程序都需要说明“何时停止并询问”
  • 假设智能体会记住口头指令——将所有内容写入文件
  • 在单个程序中混合多个事项——不同领域应使用不同程序
  • 忘记使用 cron 作业强制执行——没有触发条件的常设指令只会成为建议

相关内容

  • 自动化:快速了解所有自动化机制。
  • Cron 作业:为常设指令强制执行计划。
  • Hooks:用于智能体生命周期事件的事件驱动脚本。
  • Webhooks:入站 HTTP 事件触发器。
  • Agent 工作区:常设指令的存放位置,包括自动注入的完整引导文件列表(AGENTS.mdSOUL.md 等)。
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